Court of Appeal (England and Wales)

The Court of Appeal (COA)
Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, City of Westminster, London
Established	1 November 1875[3]
Country	United Kingdom (England and Wales)
Location	Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, City of Westminster, London, UK
Authorized by	Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1875 Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1877 Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1891 Criminal Appeal Act 1907 Supreme Court of Judicature (Consolidation) Act 1925 Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1935 Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1938 Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1944 Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1959 Senior Courts Act 1981 (originally entitled Supreme Court Act 1981) Constitutional Reform Act 2005
Decisions are appealed to	Court of Justice of the European Union (for reference, but only on points of European Union law (EU law) and only with the permission of the COA, before remitting the case back to the COA for determination)[4][5] Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Website	https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/you-and-the-judiciary/going-to-court/court-of-appeal-home/
Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
Currently	Sir Ian Burnett
Since	2 October 2017
Master of the Rolls
Currently	Sir Terence Etherton
Since	3 October 2016

The Court of Appeal (COA, formally "Her Majesty's Court of Appeal in England") is the highest court within the Senior Courts of England and Wales, and second only to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Part of the courts of the United Kingdom, it was created in 1875, and today comprises 39 Lord Justices of Appeal and Lady Justices of Appeal.

The court has two divisions, Criminal and Civil, led by the Lord Chief Justice and the Master of the Rolls respectively. Criminal appeals are heard in the Criminal Division, and civil appeals in the Civil Division. The Criminal Division also hears appeals from the Crown Court, while the Civil Division hears appeals from the County Court and High Court of Justice. Leave to appeal is normally required from either the lower court or the Court of Appeal itself; and with leave, further appeal may lie to the Supreme Court.

The appeal system before 1875 was "chaotic". The superior courts system consisted of 12 different courts, with appeal on common law matters to the Court of Exchequer Chamber, chancery matters to the Court of Appeal in Chancery and other matters to the Privy Council. This was the subject of a review by the Judicature Commission, established in 1867 to consider the creation of a "Supreme Court" (a High Court and Court of Appeal). The result was published in 1869. The recommendation was that there should be a common system of appeal from all of the High Court divisions, with a limited set of appeals allowed to the House of Lords. This reform was implemented by the Judicature Acts, with the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 giving an almost limitless right of appeal to the Lords.

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