Courland

Courland (Kurzeme)
Region
Symbol
Country	Latvia
Borders on	Semigallia (east), Lithuania (south), Baltic sea (west)
Rivers	Venta, Abava
Capital	Liepaja, Ventspils

Historical affiliations of Courland
Curonians until the 13th century
Terra Mariana 13th century-1561
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland 1561-1569
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569-1656		Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, vassal state of Poland and Lithuania 1561-1795
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1717-1795
Russian Empire 1795-1812
Duchy of Courland, Semigallia and Piltene, client state of France 1812
Russian Empire 1812-1915
German Reich (occupation) 1915-1918
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, client state of Germany 1918
United Baltic Duchy, client state of Germany 1918
Republic of Latvia 1918-1940
USSR, Latvian SSR (occupation) 1940-1941
German Reich (occupation) 1941-1944
USSR, Latvian SSR (occupation) 1944-1991
Republic of Latvia 1991–present

Courland or Kurzeme (in Latvian; Livonian: Kurāmō; German and Swedish: Kurland; Latin: Curonia/Couronia; Russian: Курляндия; Lithuanian: Kuršas; Polish: Kurlandia) is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland as they were formerly held by the same duke.

Situated in western Latvia, Courland roughly corresponds to the former Latvian districts of Kuldīga, Liepāja, Saldus, Talsi, Tukums and Ventspils.

When combined with Semigallia and Selonia, Courland's northeastern boundary is the river Daugava, which separates it from the regions of Latgale and Vidzeme. To the north, Courland's coast lies along the Gulf of Riga. On the west it is bordered by the Baltic Sea, and on the south by Lithuania. It lies between 55° 45′ and 57° 45′ North and 21° and 27° East.

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Wikipedia