Counts of Kyburg
| House of Kyburg | |
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 coat of arms (mid 13th century) |
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| Country | Swabia |
| Parent house | von Dillingen |
| Founded | 1180 |
| Founder | Hartmann III von Kyburg |
| Final ruler | Hartmann V von Kyburg |
| Dissolution | 1263 |
| County of Kyburg Bailiwick of Kyburg |
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Grafschaft Kyburg Landvogtei Kyburg |
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 Feudal territories in Switzerland c. 1200. The territory of the house of Kyburg, including their terrories inherited from Lenzburg in 1173, is shown in yellow.
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| Capital | Kyburg | |||||||||
| Government | Feudalism | |||||||||
| Graf | ||||||||||
| • | d. 1121 | Hartmann I. von Dillingen | ||||||||
| Landvogt | ||||||||||
| • | 1795–1798 | Hans Caspar Ulrich | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | death of Adalbert II. von Winterthur | 1053 | ||||||||
| • | inheritance from Lenzburg | 1173 | ||||||||
| • | comital line extinct | 1263 | ||||||||
| • | Burgdorferkrieg | 1383 | ||||||||
| • | Neu-Kyburg line extinct | 1417 | ||||||||
| • | Landvogtei of Zürich | 1452 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 1798 | ||||||||
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The House of Kyburg was a noble family of grafen (counts) in the Duchy of Swabia, a cadet line of the counts of Dillingen, who in the late 12th and early 13th century ruled much of what is now Northeastern Switzerland. The family was one of the four most powerful noble families in the Swiss plateau beside the House of Habsburg, House of Zähringen and the House of Savoy during 12th century. With the extinction of the Kyburg family's male line in 1263, Rudolph of Habsburg laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them to the Habsburg holdings, which marked the beginning of the Habsburgs' rise to power.
The County of Kyburg existed from 1053 as a possession of the counts of Dillingen. It was greatly expanded with the extinction of the House of Lenzburg in 1173. It continued to exist as a Habsburg possession under the counts of Neu-Kyburg (also Kyburg-Burgdorf) after the extinction of the agnatic line of the House of Kyburg, until the extinction of Neu-Kyburg in 1417. It then passed under direct Habsburg suzerainty, then briefly to Zürich (1424–1442), to emperor Frederick III (1442–1452) and back to Zürich in 1452, from which time it was administered as a bailiwick (Landvogtei) of Zürich until the establishment of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.
The first line of counts of Kyburg were influential in local politics during the 1020s, but the male line died out in 1078. Kyburg castle, southeast of Winterthur (in the modern canton of Zürich), passed on to the Swabian counts of Dillingen. Through the marriage of Hartmann von Dillingen (d. 1121) with a certain Adelheid, the House of Dillingen acquired the old Kyburg possessions as well as territorial claims in the Thurgau. The exact origin of Adelheid is unclear. She is either the granddaughter of the Count of Grüningen-Winterthur or from a cadet branch of the Winterthur family, the Counts of Nellenburg. She might also be the daughter of Adalbert II von Winterthur, the last knight from Winterthur, who died in 1053 at the Battle of Civitate against the Normans.
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