Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland

The Constitution of the Polish People's Republic (also known as July Constitution or Constitution of 1952) was passed on 22 July 1952. Created by the Polish communists in the Polish People's Republic, it was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution (also known as Stalin Constitution), and it superseded the post-war provisional Small Constitution of 1947 which, in its turn, had declared null and void the pre-war April Constitution, defined as fascist. The Russian text of the Constitution was reviewed and corrected by Soviet premier Joseph Stalin and later translated into Polish. It legalized the communist legislature and practices as they had been introduced to Poland with the Polish Committee of National Liberation in the wake of Red Army progress in 1944.

The constitution of 1952 broke the tradition of separation of powers, and introduced instead the Soviet concept of "unity of the state's power". While the ultimate power was reserved for the dictatorship of the proletariat, expressed as "the working people of the towns and villages", the Sejm, the legislative branch of the government, had the paramount authority in government as per the 'will of the people', and oversaw both the judicial and executive branches of the government. But as Warsaw law professor Rozmaryn expressed it, there is a big difference between the "law in books" and the "law in action, explaining that from 1952 through at least 1956 the Sejm exercised no real power, while the State Council (the executive committee of the Sejm) exercised it all instead.

The constitution was amended twenty-four times, with the most contentious amendment being that of 10 February 1976. Following the revolutions of 1989 it was significantly amended between 1989 and 1992, and after 29 December 1989 it was known simply as the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. It was superseded by the new Polish constitution on 2 April 1997.

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