Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages

Programming languages can be grouped by the number and types of paradigms supported.

Some programming language researchers criticise the notion of paradigms as a classification of programming languages, e.g. Krishnamurthi. They argue that many programming languages cannot be strictly classified into one paradigm, but rather include features from several paradigms. This is clearly demonstrated in the table below. (Which is silent on the level of support of different 'paradigms'.)

A concise reference for the programming paradigms listed in this article.

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