Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Коммунистическая партия Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики |
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| Leader | Ivan Polozkov |
| Founded | June 19, 1990 |
| Dissolved | August 25, 1991 |
| Split from | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Succeeded by | Communist Party of the Russian Federation |
| Headquarters | Moscow |
| Ideology |
Communism Marxism–Leninism |
| Political position | Far-left |
| Colours | Red |
The Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian: Коммунистическая партия Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики, Kommunisticheskaya partiya Rossiyskoy Sovetskoy Federativnoy Sotsialisticheskoy Respubliki) was a republican level branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The Communist Party of the RSFSR was founded in 1990. At this point, the Communist Party of the RSFSR organized around 58% of the total Communist Party of the Soviet Union membership. The party was popularly known as the 'Russian Communist Party'. Politically, it became a centre for opponents of Gorbachev's rule.
For many years, the Russian SFSR had been the sole Soviet republic without a republican-level Communist Party of its own. In fact, in 1947 the NKVD had run an investigation in the so-called Leningrad case against party functionaries accused of wanting to set up a republican Communist Party in the RSFSR.
In 1989 a sector of the Communist Party (opposed to the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev) launched a campaign for an autonomous Russian republican-level Communist Party. In June 1989 an article was published in Nash sovremennik by Galina Litinova, arguing that the Russian nation had regressed during Soviet rule and that it was necessary to form a Central Committee for the Communist Party of the RSFSR.
The Communist Party of the RSFSR emerged from an alliance between Leningrad-based apparatchiks and Russian national-patriotic tendencies. The United Workers Front was one of the key backers of the new party organization.
Gorbachev faced difficulties in trying to block the formation of a Russian party organization. Many Russian members of the Communist Party who were not necessarily followers of Gorbahev's hard-line opponents were supportive of the effort to form a Russian party organization. On Gorbachev's initiative a RSFSR Bureau of the Communist Party was founded towards the end of 1989, in a move to block the formation of an autonomous Russian Communist Party. However this action did not block the demand for a RSFSR Communist Party, and the newly formed RSFSR Bureau issued a call for the founding of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. This process was humiliating for Gorbachev, as it clarified that he was not fully in control of the party apparatus.
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