Commedia dell'Arte

Commedia dell'arte (Italian pronunciation: [komˈmɛːdja delˈlarte]) translates to "theatre of the professional" and is known as the first form of professional theatre. Commedia dell'arte also is considered commedia alla maschera, commedia improvviso, and commedia dell'arte all' improvviso.Commedia is a form of theatre characterized by masked "types" which began in Italy in the 16th century and was responsible for the advent of actresses (Isabella Andrini) and improvised performances based on sketches or scenarios. A commedia, such as The Tooth Puller, is both scripted and improvised. Characters' entrances and exits are scripted. A special characteristic of commedia dell'arte are the lazzi. A lazzo is a joke or "something foolish" or "witty". Another characteristic of commedia dell'arte is pantomime, which is mostly used by the character Arlecchino (Harlequin).

The characters of the commedia usually represent fixed social types, , such as foolish old men, devious servants, or military officers full of false bravado. The main categories of these characters include servants, old men, lovers, and captains. The characters are exaggerated "real characters", such as a know it all doctor called Il Dottore, a greedy old man called Pantalone, or a perfect relationship like the Innamorati.

Many troupes were formed to perform commedia dell'arte, including I Gelosi (which had actors such as Isabella Andreini, and her husband Francesco Andreini), Confidenti Troupe, Desioi Troupe, and Fedeli Troupe.Commedia dell'arte was often performed outside on platforms or in popular areas such as a piazza. The form of theatre originated in Italy, but traveled throughout Europe and even to Moscow.

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