Cologne War

Cologne War
Part of the Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation
Destruction of Godesburg fortress during the Cologne War 1583; the walls were breached by mines, and most of the defenders were put to death. Contemporary engraving by Frans Hogenberg.
Date 1583–1588 Location Electorate of Cologne Result Roman Catholic victory
Belligerents
Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Elector, Cologne 1578–1588 House of Neuenahr-Alpen House of Waldburg House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken House of Nassau House of Solms-Braunfels and others	Ernst of Bavaria Prince-Elector, Cologne, 1583–1612 House of Wittelsbach Free Imperial City of Cologne Philip of Spain, and for him: House of Farnese House of Isenburg-Grenzau House of Mansfeld (main line) House of Berlaymont-Flyon and others
Commanders and leaders
Johann Casimir of Simmern Adolf, Count von Neuenahr Karl, Truchsess von Waldburg Martin Schenk von Nydedeck  † Friedrich Cloedt †	Ferdinand of Bavaria Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma Karl von Mansfeld Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg Claude de Berlaymont  † Salentin IX of Isenburg-Grenzau Francisco Verdugo
Strength
variable: 10,000–28,000 until 1586	variable: 10,000–28,000 until 1586, plus 18,000–28,000 troops of the Army of Flanders (Spanish) after 1586.
Casualties and losses
unknown	unknown

Peace of Augsburg

Negotiating the Peace of Augsburg
Date	1555
Location	Augsburg
Participants	Ferdinand, King of the Romans acting for Charles V. Delegates from the Imperial Estates
Outcome	(1) The principle of cuius regio, eius religio established religious conformity within a single state. Two confessions of faith were acceptable: Catholicism or the Augsburg Confession (Lutheranism). Any other expression of faith was heretical. (2) The principle of reservatum ecclesiasticum protected religious conformity within the ecclesiastical estates, but it did not clearly state how this was to be protected. (3) The Declaratio Ferdinandei granted certain exemptions to the principle of cuius regio, eius religio to some knights, sovereign families, and imperial cities.

Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Elector, Cologne 1578–1588
House of Neuenahr-Alpen
House of Waldburg
House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken

The Cologne War (1583–88) devastated the Electorate of Cologne, a historical ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire, within present-day North-Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany. The war occurred within the context of the Protestant Reformation in Germany and the subsequent Counter-Reformation, and concurrently with the Dutch Revolt and the French Wars of Religion.