The Colleges of Advanced Technology (CATs) were a type of Higher Education Institution established in 1956 in England and Wales following the publication of a Government White Paper on Technical Education which listed 24 technical colleges in receipt of 75% grant for parts of their advanced work. The government confirmed that the proportion of advanced work at these colleges should be increased so that they could develop as quickly as possible into Colleges of Advanced Technology. Eventually ten of the 24 were confirmed as CATs. In 1956 Aston University became the first designated College of Advanced Technology (or CAT). Following the Robbins Report of 1963 the Colleges of Advanced Technology were expanded and awarded university status in 1966. The ten CATs and the universities they became are as follows:-