Clinton Group

Clinton Group Stratigraphic range: Early Silurian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Rocks of the Clinton Group on the east face of Schuylkill Gap
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Rochester Shale, Rose Hill Formation, Keefer Formation
Underlies	Bloomsburg Formation in Pennsylvania, Lockport Group in New York
Overlies	Tuscarora Formation in Pennsylvania, Clinch Formation in Virginia, Tennessee, and Maryland, Medina Group in New York
Thickness	1640 ft
Lithology
Primary	sandstone, shale, and limestone
Other	Ironstone and conglomerate,
Location
Region	Appalachian Basin of eastern North America
Country	United States
Extent	Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, West Virginia
Type section
Named for	Clinton, New York
Named by	Lardner Vanuxem (1842)

The Clinton Group (also referred to as the Clinton Formation or the Clinton Shale) is a mapped unit of sedimentary rock found throughout eastern North America. The interval was first defined by the geologist Lardner Vanuxem, who derived the name from the village of Clinton in Oneida County, New York where several well exposed outcrops of these strata can be found. The Clinton Group and its lateral equivalents extend throughout much of the Appalachian Foreland Basin, a major structural and depositional province extending from New York to Alabama. The term has been employed in Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, though in many of these areas the same interval is referred to as the Rose Hill, Rockwood, or Red Mountain Formations. Historically the term "Clinton" has also been assigned to several lower Silurian stratigraphic units in Ohio and Kentucky which are now known to be significantly older than the Clinton Group as it was originally defined. Many parts of this succession are richly fossiliferous, making the Clinton Group an important record of marine life during the early Silurian. Several economically valuable rock-types are found within this interval, though it is perhaps best known as a significant source of iron ore

Stratigraphically, the Clinton Group overlies the coarse siliciclastics of the Medina Group in New York, The Albion Group in the Subsurface of Ohio, the Clinch Sandstone in Virginia and West Virginia, and the Tuscarora Sandstone in Pennsylvania. It is overlain by the shales and carbonates of the Lockport Group in New York, the McKenzie Formation in Pennsylvania, and the Sneedville Limestone in Tennessee. Owing to the great difference in resistivity between the relatively soft, readily weathering Clinton Group and the massive dolostones of the overlying Lockport, the former tends to erode preferentially out from underneath the latter. This has resulted in the formation of numerous cateracts such as Niagara Falls and the High Falls of Rochester, New York which are but local manifestations of a regional geographic feature called the Niagara Escarpment.