Circumcision surgical procedure
| Circumcision surgical procedure | |
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| Intervention | |
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| Launch year | 2013 |
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| Company | Kapasamedizin Technik |
| Availability | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Website | Unicircglobal.com |
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| Launch year | 2009 |
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| Company | Circ MedTech |
| Availability | Available in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Website | www.prepex.com |
Circumcision surgical procedure in males involves either a conventional "cut and stitch" surgical procedure or use of a circumcision instrument or device. In the newborn period (less than 2 months of age), almost all circumcisions are done by generalist physicians using one of three methods. In the USA, the Gomco clamp is the most utilized method, followed by the Mogen clamp and the Plastibell. They are also used worldwide.
After the newborn period, circumcision has a much higher risk of complications, especially bleeding and anesthetic complications. Currently, most circumcisions in boys and men are performed using one of three open surgical methods. The forceps-guided method, the dorsal slit method, and the sleeve resection method are well described by the World Health Organization in their Manual for Male Circumcision under Local Anaesthesia. The Gomco clamp and Mogen clamp are sometimes used after the newborn period, in conjunction with either sutures or cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive to prevent post-operative bleeding.
Circumcision surgical instruments should be distinguished from circumcision devices. Circumcision instruments are used at the time of surgery, and the circumcision is complete at the end of the procedure. The Gomco clamp, the Mogen clamp, and Unicirc are surgical instruments. Circumcision devices remain on the penis for 4 to 7 days and either spontaneously detach or are removed surgically at a subsequent visit. Plastibell, Prepex, Shang Ring and other plastic rings are all circumcision devices, also known as "in situ" devices. Circumcision via instrument results in healing by primary intention and healing via devices is by secondary intention, so healing is delayed.
All circumcision procedures should involve adequate injectable or topical anesthesia.
Male circumcision can be performed either for religious/cultural reasons, medical indications, or to prevent future illnesses.
Male Medical Circumcision (MMC) reduces female-to-male HIV/AIDS transmission by approximately 60% and is a key element in the UNAIDS plan to end the global AIDS epidemic by 2030. In 2011, UNAIDS prioritized 14 high HIV prevalence countries in eastern and southern Africa, with a goal of circumcising 80% of men (20.8 million) by the end of 2016. In parallel, WHO developed a Framework for evaluating new, simpler circumcision techniques, which gave impetus to the development of two new devices (Prepex and Shang Ring) that are currently being scaled-up in the 14 high HIV prevalence countries. Overall, 11.6 million males were circumcised as of the end of 2015. UNAIDS' Fast-Track Plan for ending the AIDS Epidemic by 2030 calls for an additional 25 million MMC in these high-priority countries by 2020, which will require increasing circumcisions to 5 million per year, nearly double the current rate. To reach this goal, UNAIDS is counting on advances in circumcision techniques.
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Wikipedia