Chorni Klobuky

Chorni Klobuky (Russian: Чёрные Клобуки; Ukrainian: Чорні клобуки; Turkic: Karakalpak or Qaraqalpaq) was a generic name for a group of semi-nomadic Turkic or Turkic-speaking tribes of Berendei, Torkils, Kovui of Chernihiv, Pechenegs, and others that at the end of 11th century settled on the southern frontier of Kiev and Pereyaslav principalities along the Ros River valley. They are first mentioned in the Kiev Chronicles of 1146.

In the 12th century many of these tribes became sedentary and town-based (within modern Cherkasy and southern Kiev oblasts). Their main city was Torchesk (next to the modern city of Kaharlyk). They also were used by Ruthenian princes for the defense of their southern borders against Cumans and took part in a political life of Ruthenia. After the Mongol invasion were partially assimilated by neighboring people and partially deported by the Golden Horde rulers such as Uzbeg Khan (between 1340-1390) to the Central Asia.

Their name means "Black Hats" or "Black Hoods", and in Turkic languages it is "Karakalpak"; presumably this refers to their national costume. It is unclear whether the Chornyi Klobuki are related to the Karakalpaks of today.

In the Moscow Chronicle collection of the 15th century under the year 1152 it explains that all Chorni Klobuky were called Circassians as they arrived from the north Caucasus.

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