Chimerarachne
|
Chimerarachne Temporal range: Cretaceous, 99 Ma |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Dorsal view of Chimerarachne in amber | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Clade: | Tetrapulmonata |
| Genus: | †Chimerarachne |
| Species: | †C. yingi |
| Binomial name | |
|
Chimerarachne yingi |
|
Chimerarachne is a genus of extinct arachnids containing a single species Chimerarachne yingi. Fossils of Chimerarachne were discovered in Burmese amber from Myanmar which dates to the mid-Cretaceous, about 100 million years ago. Its classification is disputed, either belonging to Uraraneida a group otherwise known from the Devonian to Permian, or a separate clade closer to spiders.. Since the earliest spider fossils are from the Carboniferous, either answer results in an at least a 170 myr ghost lineage with no fossil record, making it a Lazarus taxon. The size of the animal is quite small, being only 2.5 mm in body length, with the tail being about 3mm in length. These fossils resemble spiders in having two of their key defining features: spinnerets for spinning silk, and a modified male organ on the pedipalp for transferring sperm. At the same time they retain a whip-like tail, rather like that of a whip scorpion and uraraneids. Chimerarachne is not ancestral to spiders, being much younger than the oldest spiders which are known from the Carboniferous, but it appears to be a late survivor of an extinct group which was probably very close to the origins of spiders. It suggests that there used to be spider-like animals with tails which lived alongside true spiders for at least 200 million years.
The name is taken from the chimera, a monster in Greek mythology composed of parts of different animals, representing the mixture of basal and derived characteristics of the organism, together with the suffix arachne which is the greek word for "spider". The species name honours Yanling Ying who collected one of the specimens.
The legs and body of Chimerarachne are generally spider-like. The chelicerae (mouthparts) are similar to those of spiders belonging to the Mesothelae or mygalomorphs. The fang does not have any hairs, which is another typical spider feature, but it is not clear whether or not the animals had venom. The male pedipalp has a palpal organ consisting of the tarsus (or cymbium), which is divided at the tip into two long lobes, and a simple palpal bulb similar to that of some mygalomorph spiders but apparently less complex than the bulbus of mesotheles.
...
Wikipedia