Chestnut-shouldered petronia
| Yellow-throated sparrow | |
|---|---|
 |
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| At Nagpur, India | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Suborder: | Passeri |
| Infraorder: | Passerida |
| Superfamily: | Passeroidea |
| Family: | Passeridae |
| Genus: | Gymnoris |
| Species: | G. xanthocollis |
| Binomial name | |
|
Gymnoris xanthocollis (Burton, 1838) |
|
| Synonyms | |
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Fringilla flavicollis Franklin, 1831 (preoccupied) |
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Fringilla flavicollis Franklin, 1831 (preoccupied)
Fringilla xanthocollis E. Burton, 1838
Petronia xanthocollis (E. Burton, 1838) Blyth, 1845
Fringilla xanthosterna Bonaparte, 1850
The yellow-throated sparrow or chestnut-shouldered petronia (Gymnoris xanthocollis) is a species of sparrow found in southern Asia.
It has a finer bill than typical sparrows of the genus Passer and unlike them has no streaks on the plumage. The white double wing bar on the shoulder is diagnostic on the otherwise dull grey-brown sparrow. Males have a chestnut shoulder patch which can sometimes be hard to see. They also have a pale yellow spot on the throat in fresh plumage. Females are duller and lack the chestnut shoulder patch. The yellow spot is much reduced or lacking in females.
This species is tree-loving although sometimes seen on wires and on the ground, where it has a hopping gait. The usual call is a chirrup but the song is distinctive and repetitive chilp chalp cholp. It has a bounding flight and dips deeply before rising up.
This species has sometimes been lumped along with the yellow-spotted petronia (Petronia pyrgita) of Africa.
Three subspecies are described:
The species breeds in tree hollows from April to July, often making use of the holes made by primary hole-nesting birds such as barbets and woodpeckers. They may also make use of hollows on buildings. The nest is built mainly by the female, but males may sometimes assist. The female alone incubates the eggs, sometimes leaving the nest during the hotter parts of the day. The eggs hatch after about 12 to 14 days.
They roost communally in low bushes. Some populations are migratory, moving in response to rains.
They feed mainly on grains but also on insects, nectar and berries. An unusual food item is the petals of flowers such as those of Madhuca indica. When they visit flowers such as those of Capparis, Salmalia, Erythrina and Bassia, their foreheads are covered with pollen.
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Wikipedia