Charter Change

Constitutional reform in the Philippines, also known as Charter Change or Cha-cha, refers to the political and legal processes needed to amend the current 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Under the common interpretation of the Constitution, amendments can be proposed by one of three methods: a People's Initiative, a Constituent Assembly or a Constitutional Convention. A fourth method, by both houses passing a joint concurrent resolution, with a three-fourth supermajority, has been proposed by House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. who subsequently submitted to the House of Representatives "Resolution of Both Houses No. 1". The "simple legislation as the means to amend" would require approval only by both Houses voting separately.

All proposed amendments, regardless of the method of proposal, must be ratified by a majority vote in a national referendum.

There have been five constitutional conventions in Philippine history:

While no amendment to the 1987 Constitution has succeeded, there has been several high-profile attempts. None reached the ratification by referendum stage.

The first attempt to amend the 1987 Constitution was under President Fidel Ramos. Among the proposed changes in the constitution included a shift to a parliamentary system and the lifting of term limits of public officials. Ramos argued that the changes will bring more accountability, continuity, and responsibility to the "gridlock"-prone Philippine version of presidential bicameral system. Some politically active religious groups, opposition politicians, business tycoons and left-wing organizations opposed the process that was supposed to lead to a national referendum. Critics argued that the proposed constitutional changes for one would benefit the incumbent, Ramos. On September 21, 1997, a church-organized rally brought in an estimated half a million people to Rizal Park.

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