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Chalcedonian


Chalcedonian Christianity is a term referring to Christian denominations adhering to the Definition of Chalcedon (451 AD), a religious doctrine concerning the divine and human nature of Jesus Christ. While most existing Christian denominations are considered Chalcedonian, from the 5th to the 8th centuries, the ascendancy of Chalcedonian Christology was not always certain.

The dogmatical disputes raised during the Council of Chalcedon led to the Chalcedonian Schism thus to the formation of the non-Chalcedonian body of churches known as Oriental Orthodox. The Chalcedonian churches remained united with the Holy See in Rome, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Eastern Orthodox patriarchates of the Middle East (Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem). Together, the five patriarchates were considered to be the foundation of Chalcedonian Christianity. During the reign of Emperor Justinian I they were recognised as the Pentarchy, the official leadership of the Christian Church.

Today, the great majority of Christian denominations can be considered descended from the Pentarchy, subscribing to Chalcedonian Christianity, broadly divided into the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church (with Protestant denominations descended from the Catholic Church after the Protestant Reformation).


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