Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Russian: Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет, tr. Vserossiysky Centralny Ispolnitelny Komitet (VTsIK)), was the highest legislative, administrative, and revising body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) from 1917 until 1937. Although the All-Russian Congress of Soviets had supreme authority, in periods between its sessions its powers were passed to VTsIK.

By the Russian Constitution VTsIK was obligated to convene the All-Russian Congress of Soviets not fewer than two times a year (Statute 26 of Article XI). Extraordinary Congresses could be called whether from the initiative of VTsIK or on the request of local Soviets. The VTsIK was elected by the full Congress, with no more than 200 individuals. It was completely responsible to the Congress. The functions of the Collegiate or the Presidium were not declared in the Constitution but presumably they were supposed to be purely supervisory or revisionary bodies.

VTsIK gave a general direction for the policies of the Workers-Peasant government and all bodies of the Soviet power in the country. It united and coordinated activities for legislation and administration as well as supervised the endorsement of the Soviet Constitution, declarations of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and central bodies of the Soviet power. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee reviewed and adopted the projects of decrees and other propositions introduced by the Council of People's Commissars and separate departments as well as issued its own decrees and instructions. VTsIK convoked the All-Russian Congress of Soviets to which it presented the reports on its activity, general policy, and other inquiries. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee formed the Council of People's Commissars for general administrative affairs of the republic and departments (People's Commissariats) for the management of separate branches of administration. Members of VTsIK worked in the departments (People's Commissariats) or executed special assignments of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

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