Central Committee elected by the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

Central Committee elected
by the 16th Congress

15th ← → 17th
Delegates of the 16th Congress representing the Belarusian Military District standing together with Alexander Yegorov, Joseph Stalin and Kliment Voroshilov.
Duration	13 July 1930 – 10 February 1934
General Secretary	Joseph Stalin
Second Secretary	Vyacheslav Molotov (Jul.– Dec. 1930) Lazar Kaganovich (1930–1934)
Inner-groups	Politburo: 10 full & 5 candidates Secretariat: 5 full & 2 candidates Orgburo: 11 full & 4 candidates
No. of departments	7
Members	71 full and 67 candidates

The Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 16th Congress, and sat from 13 July 1930 until 10 February 1934. Its 1st Plenary Session renewed the composition of the Politburo, Secretariat and the Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). The 16th Congress was the first party convention since the 13th Congress which saw no organized opposition, and the first congress in party history in which there was no opposition to the party leadership. Ukrainian historian Oleg Khlevniuk considers the period 1930–1934 to be a "transitional period" between collective leadership (referred to interchangeably by him as oligarchy) and Joseph Stalin's personal dictatorship (). The removal of Alexei Rykov, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK, the Soviet government), from the Politburo at the 1st Joint Plenary Session of the CC and the Central Control Commission (CCC) has been marked in historic literature as "the definitive Stalinization of that body [Politburo]" according to Khlevniuk.

The Central Committee elected Stalin General Secretary of the Central Committee at its 1st Plenary Session.Vyacheslav Molotov served as Stalin's deputy, an informal post referred to by Sovietologists as Second Secretary, and was empowered to manage party business and sign Politburo resolutions when Stalin was away from Moscow. Upon Molotov's appointment as SNK Chairman in December 1930, Lazar Kaganovich took his place as Second Secretary.