Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company

The Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company (CAMCO) was the creation of American entrepreneur William D. Pawley, the Curtiss-Wright sales representative in China during the 1930s.

Starting in 1933, CAMCO assembled (probably from factory-supplied kits) about 100 Hawk II and Hawk III fighter-bombers at a factory in Hangzhou. The planes had originally been designed as scout bombers for the U.S. Navy. They served as the backbone of the Chinese Air Force during the first year of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945).

As Nationalist Chinese forces were driven back from the coast in the winter of 1937-38, CAMCO retreated with them. Pawley's factory was reconstituted in Hankou, where it repaired airplanes damaged in combat or by bombing, and may also have assembled some later-model Curtiss H-75 fighters, an export version of the U.S. Army's P-36 monoplane fighter. When Hankou fell in October 1938, CAMCO moved to Hengyang and added Vultee V-11 light bombers to its product line. At the same time, work was started at a new factory far in the hinterland, at Loiwing on the China-Burma frontier. Opened in the spring of 1939, it was supplied by the mountainous "Burma Road" from Rangoon (now Yangon, capital of Myanmar). The factory was financed by the Chinese Nationalist government in Chongqing. An undetermined number of Hawk 75 (P-36 type) and Curtiss-Wright CW-21 fighters were assembled there.

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