Catalan personal pronouns

This article discusses the forms and functions of the personal pronouns in Catalan grammar.

The "strong" pronouns (Catalan: pronoms forts) in Catalan have the following forms:

Highly formal and archaic.

Archaic in most dialects.

These forms are used as subject pronouns (with the exception of si), and also as disjunctive pronouns, for example, after a preposition.

The first person singular pronoun has a special form mi after most prepositions.

However, the form jo is used with some prepositions, for example, in segons jo ("according to me"), and in coordinated structures with another noun or pronoun: contra tu i jo ("against you and me").

The third person reflexive pronoun si (both singular and plural) cannot be used as a subject. It most commonly appears after a preposition, often reinforced by mateix:

The 2nd person polite pronouns are vostè (singular) and vostès (plural). They combine with 3rd person verbs.

The older form vós (with 2nd person plural verb agreement) can be found in some varieties of Catalan, and in contexts like administrative texts.

The 1st person majestic plural is expressed with the pronoun Nós (in place of nosaltres).

There exists as well an impersonal subject pronoun hom (unmarked for either gender or number), always used with 3rd person singular verbs, nowadays archaic and only used in writing:

The weak pronouns (Catalan: pronoms febles) are proforms that, as the name indicates, do not carry stress. All are monosyllabic clitics, and all must always appear immediately before or after a verb: they cannot be used on their own or attached to a different element of the sentence. The combination of the verb plus the weak pronoun or pronouns always has a single stressed vowel, that of the verb.

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