Cary's Rebellion

Cary's Rebellion, also known as the Cary Rebellion, was an uprising against the governor of North Carolina in 1711, led by Thomas Cary who refused to give up his governorship to Edward Hyde. The rebellion was part of a long-standing tension between the religious and political groups in North Carolina, generally divided between the Quaker party, of which Cary was a part, and the Church of England party, to which Hyde belonged.

At the time, the Province of Carolina was technically a single entity which encompassed all the land from Spanish Florida to the Colony of Virginia. However, transportation between the northern parts and the southern seat of the provincial government in Charleston was very difficult and in the late 17th century, a deputy governor for the northern section was appointed who was able to act with significant autonomy.

Early in its history Carolina had provided for religious freedom, making it an attractive destination for Quakers who were persecuted in England and parts of the colonies. Quakerism's founder George Fox visited the Albemarle Settlements in the very northern part of Carolina in 1672. In the succeeding years, Quakerism grew in the area and came to dominate the government, including the appointment of Quaker John Archdale as Governor of Carolina in 1694. In 1699, Henderson Walker was appointed Deputy Governor of North Carolina. A devout Anglican, he pushed through reforms which established the Church of England as the official religion of the state and passing the Vestry Act which imposed a tax on residents, no matter their faith, to support the official church. During his tenure, Queen Anne assumed the throne, which required a renewal of the oaths by colonial officers. Quakers, as a tenet of their faith, do not swear oaths but had previously proven their loyalty by affirming it. This practice was disallowed and all Quakers lost their positions. Over the next decade the distinction between the Quaker party and the Church party grew more entrenched.

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