Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891
| Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 | |
|---|---|
| Type |
Naval gun Coastal artillery |
| Place of origin | France |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1891-1945 |
| Used by | France Bulgaria Haiti Poland Portugal Romania Turkey |
| Wars |
World War I World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Canet |
| Designed | 1889 |
| Manufacturer | Schneider et Cie. |
| Produced | 1891 |
| Variants | Modèle 1892 Modèle 1893 Modèle 1895 Modèle 1897 |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 1,700 kg (3,700 lb) |
| Length | 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) |
| Barrel length | 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in) |
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|
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| Shell | 100x869R Fixed QF ammunition |
| Caliber | 100 mm (3.9 in) 45 caliber |
| Action | hydro-spring recuperator |
| Breech | Canet screw breech |
| Traverse | 360° |
| Rate of fire | 10 rpm |
| Muzzle velocity | 710–740 m/s (2,300–2,400 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 9.5 km (5.9 mi) |
The Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 was a French naval gun developed in the late 1800's that armed a variety of warships before World War I and during World War II. In addition to its naval role it was also deployed as coastal artillery.
The Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 was French naval gun designed by the French designer Gustave Canet and produced at Schneider et Cie of Le Creusot in 1889. Five models were produced: Modèle 1891, Modèle 1892, Modèle 1893, Modèle 1895 and Modèle 1897. At some point in the guns development there was a switch from Separate loading QF ammunition to Fixed QF ammunition. However the dimensions of the guns and their performance stayed largely the same.
The Modèle 1891 was constructed of an A tube, with a Canet screw breech which screwed onto the A tube. There was also a jacket and three layers of reinforcing hoops which all screwed into the breech.
In addition to their naval role this family of guns was also used as coastal artillery by France and Poland. In French service there were two main models the Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1889 T97 and Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1897 T97.
Poland also had two Modèle 1891 guns in service as coastal artillery under the designation Canet 100 mm wz. 1891. The two Polish guns were purchased in March 1924 with a French loan to rearm the Polish army. They were intended to arm two ex-Russian Filin-class gunboats purchased from Finland the ORP General Haller and ORP Komendant Pilsudski. However it was found that the guns were too heavy for the ships and two Russian made Canet 75mm 50 caliber Pattern 1892 were fitted instead.
In 1932 the two guns formed the 13th coastal artillery battery was created at Oksywie to defend the approaches to the Port of Gdynia. In September 1939 the captain of the battery was Capt. Art. Antoni Ratajczyk and his deputy was Mar. Stanislaw Brychcy. One of the guns was knocked out of action on the first day of fighting, while second gun fired over a hundred rounds before being captured.
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