Canicula
 The position of Sirius (circled). |
|
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) |
|
|---|---|
| Constellation | Canis Major |
| Sirius (/ˈsɪriəs/) system | |
| Right ascension | 06h 45m 08.91728s |
| Declination | −16° 42′ 58.0171″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | −1.46 |
| Sirius A | |
| Right ascension | 06h 45m 08.917s |
| Declination | −16° 42′ 58.02″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | −1.47 |
| Sirius B | |
| Right ascension | 06h 45m 09.0s |
| Declination | −16° 43′ 06″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 8.44 |
| Characteristics | |
| Sirius A | |
| Evolutionary stage | Main sequence |
| Spectral type | A1Vm |
| U−B colour index | −0.05 |
| B−V colour index | +0.00 |
| Sirius B | |
| Evolutionary stage | White dwarf |
| Spectral type | DA2 |
| U−B colour index | −1.04 |
| B−V colour index | −0.03 |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −5.50 km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) |
RA: −546.01 mas/yr Dec.: −1223.07 mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 379.21 ± 1.58mas |
| Distance | 8.60 ± 0.04 ly (2.64 ± 0.01 pc) |
| Sirius A | |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 1.42 |
| Sirius B | |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 11.18 |
| Orbit | |
| Companion | α CMa B |
| Period (P) | 50.090 ± 0.055 yr |
| Semi-major axis (a) | 7.50 ± 0.04″ |
| Eccentricity (e) | 0.5923 ± 0.0019 |
| Inclination (i) | 136.53 ± 0.43° |
| Longitude of the node (Ω) | 44.57 ± 0.44° |
| Periastron epoch (T) | 1894.130 ± 0.015 |
|
Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary) |
147.27 ± 0.54° |
| Details | |
| α CMa A | |
| Mass | 2.02 M☉ |
| Radius | 1.711 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 25.4 L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.33 cgs |
| Temperature | 9,940 K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.50 dex |
| Rotation | 16 km/s |
| Age | 225–250 Myr |
| α CMa B | |
| Mass | 0.978 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.0084 ± 3% R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.056 L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 8.57 cgs |
| Temperature | 25,200 K |
| Other designations | |
| Sirius B: EGGR 49, WD 0642-166, GCTP 1577.00 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | The system |
| A | |
| B | |
Sirius (/ˈsɪri.əs/, a romanization of Greek Σείριος, Seirios, lit. "glowing" or "scorching") is a star system and the brightest star in the Earth's night sky. With a visual apparent magnitude of −1.46, it is almost twice as bright as Canopus, the next brightest star. The system has the Bayer designation Alpha Canis Majoris (α CMa). What the naked eye perceives as a single star is a binary star system, consisting of a white main-sequence star of spectral type A1V, termed Sirius A, and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DA2, called Sirius B. The distance separating Sirius A from its companion varies between 8.2 and 31.5 AU.
Sirius appears bright because of its intrinsic luminosity and its proximity to Earth. At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), as determined by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite, the Sirius system is one of Earth's near neighbours. Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System, so it will slightly increase in brightness over the next 60,000 years. After that time its distance will begin to increase and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for the next 210,000 years.
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