Candide (operetta)

Candide
Playbill from 1974 revival
Music	Leonard Bernstein
Lyrics	Richard Wilbur John Latouche Dorothy Parker Lillian Hellman Stephen Sondheim Leonard Bernstein
Book	Lillian Hellman Hugh Wheeler
Basis	Candide, novella by Voltaire
Productions	1956 Broadway 1957 New York Philharmonic 1973 Broadway revival 1982 New York City Opera 1988 Scottish Opera Version 1997 Broadway revival 1998 Royal National Theatre 2004 & 2005 New York Philharmonic 2006 Théâtre du Châtelet 2008 New York City Opera 2010 Goodman Theatre (Chicago), 5th Avenue Theater (Seattle) & Shakespeare Theatre (DC) 2013 Menier Chocolate Factory 2017 New York City Opera
Awards	Tony Award for Best Book Drama Desk for Outstanding Book

Candide is an operetta with music composed by Leonard Bernstein, based on the novella of the same name by Voltaire. The operetta was first performed in 1956 with a libretto by Lillian Hellman; but since 1974 it has been generally performed with a book by Hugh Wheeler which is more faithful to Voltaire's novel. The primary lyricist was the poet Richard Wilbur. Other contributors to the text were John Latouche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, Stephen Sondheim, John Mauceri, John Wells, and Bernstein himself. Maurice Peress and Hershy Kay contributed orchestrations. Although unsuccessful at its premiere, Candide has now overcome the unenthusiastic reaction of early audiences and critics and achieved enormous popularity. It is very popular among major music schools as a student show because of the quality of its music and the opportunities it offers to student singers.

Candide was originally conceived by Lillian Hellman as a play with incidental music in the style of her previous work, The Lark. Bernstein, however, was so excited about this idea that he convinced Hellman to do it as a "comic operetta"; she then wrote the original libretto for the operetta. Many lyricists worked on the show: first James Agee (whose work was ultimately not used), then Dorothy Parker, John Latouche and Richard Wilbur. In addition, the lyrics to "I Am Easily Assimilated" were done by Leonard and Felicia Bernstein, and Hellman wrote the words to "Eldorado". Hershy Kay orchestrated all but the overture, which Bernstein did himself.