Cambria Iron Company
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Cambria Iron Company
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Blacksmith Shop in 1958
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| Location | Johnstown, PA |
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| Coordinates | 40°20′10″N 78°55′23″W / 40.336°N 78.923°WCoordinates: 40°20′10″N 78°55′23″W / 40.336°N 78.923°W |
| Area | 482 acres (195 ha) |
| Architect | Cambria Iron Co., et al. |
| NRHP Reference # | 89001101 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | June 22, 1989 |
| Designated NHLD | June 22, 1989 |
| Designated PHMC | March 04, 1947 |
The Cambria Iron Company of Johnstown, Pennsylvania was a major 19th-century industrial producer of iron and steel. Founded in 1852, it had the nation's largest steel foundry in the 1870s, and was renamed the Cambria Steel Company in 1898. The company used many innovations in the steelmaking process, including those of William Kelly and Henry Bessemer. The company was acquired in 1923 by the Bethlehem Steel Company. The company's historic facilities, extending some 12 miles (19 km) along the Conemaugh and Little Conemaugh Rivers, are a National Historic Landmark District.
A number of works by the firm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Cambria Iron Works was reorganized in 1898 and renamed the Cambria Steel Company. In 1916, the Midvale Steel and Ordnance Company bought the Cambria Steel Company, and sold it to the Bethlehem Steel Company in 1923.
The industrial facilities of the Cambria occuped five separate sites in and around Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Its earliest facilities, known as the Lower Works, are located in the east bank of the Conemaugh River, north of downtown Johnstown and the Little Conemaugh River. The Gautier Plant is just northeast of downtown Johnstown on the south side of the Little Conemaugh. Further up that River are the extensive Franklin Plant and Wheel Plant, while the Rod and Wire Plant is located on the west side of the Conemaugh River a ways north of the Lower Works. Each of these facilities represents a different phase of development and growth of the steel industry, although the Lower Works no longer has significant traces of the earliest facilities used in steel manufacturing. All five of these areas make up the National Historic Landmark District designated in 1989.
The Cambria Iron Company was founded in 1852, in order to provide steel for the construction of railroads. The company grew rapidly, and was by the 1870s a leading producer of steel and innovator in the advancement of steelmaking technology. It performed early experiments with the Kelly converter, built the first blooming mill, and was one of the first plants to use hydraulics for the movement of ingots. It built one of the first plants to use the Bessemer process for making steel on a large scale. Innovations by the company and its methods and processes were widely influential throughout the steel industry.
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