Caliraya Dam
| Caliraya Dam | |
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The intake next to the embankment dam
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.svg)
 Location of Caliraya Dam in Philippines
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| Official name | Kalayaan Pumped-Storage Project |
| Country | Philippines |
| Location | Laguna (province) |
| Coordinates | 14°17′18″N 121°30′5″E / 14.28833°N 121.50139°ECoordinates: 14°17′18″N 121°30′5″E / 14.28833°N 121.50139°E |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 1939 by the Pedro Siochi and Company |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment dam |
| Impounds | Caliraya River |
| Spillways | 1 |
| Spillway type | Chute spillway |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Lake Caliraya |
| Total capacity | Caliraya Dam and Lumot Dam combined 30,000,000 cubic metres (1.1×109 cu ft) (between maximum and minimum level) |
| Catchment area | 92,000 square metres (990,000 sq ft) |
| Power station | |
| Operator(s) | CBK Power Co. Ltd. Owner: National Power Corporation |
| Type | Pumped-storage hydroelectricity and conventional dam |
| Turbines | 2 Francis-type |
| Installed capacity | 300 MW (1983) 684.6 MW (2008) Max. planned: 900 MW (Stage I); 2000 MW (Stage II) |
Caliraya Dam is an embankment dam located in the town of Lumban province of Laguna, in the Sierra Madre Mountain Range of the Philippines. The reservoir created by the dam, Lake Caliraya, initially supplied one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in the Philippines, and later became a popular recreational area for numerous water sports and fishing. The dam's construction was started in 1939 under the supervision of the engineering firm Pedro Siochi and Company and a small hydroelectric plant was operated in 1942.
Lake Caliraya was later connected with another man-made lake, Lumot Lake, to provide more water through a 2.3 km (1.4 mi) underground . Later still the dam and lake were used as the upper reservoir for the Kalayaan Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric plant located west of Lake Caliraya, with Laguna de Bay as the lower reservoir.
In the early years of American occupation, the Bureau of Engineering of the Philippine Commission investigated possible sources for hydroelectric development in the country. Initial surveying were done in Botocan Falls, Caliraya River, Angat River and Agno River. Mr. A. H. Perkins, assistant engineer began investigations of the Caliraya project on November 11, 1903, and his report was submitted to the Philippine Commission on March 23, 1904. Further studies were needed for more accurate and extended data on minimum discharge, rainfall, and area of watershed. Mr. H. F. Labelle, an assistant engineer, performed the observations from April 22, 1904 to September 1, 1904. Extensive gaugings of the stream were made to determine the low-water flow, the watershed area was surveyed, and a rain gauge was established in Barangay San Antonio, Kalayaan a town located within the watershed. A river gauge was also established.
The constructive features of the initial study were as follows: By the construction of a dam on the river, the water would be diverted into a canal 3.75 kilometres (2.33 mi) long to the brow of the bluff, where it would fall through 240 metres (800 ft) to the powerhouse near the Lumbang River. The power would then be transmitted to Manila, a distance of 98 kilometres (61 mi). To meet the dry-season flow and conserve the flood waters, storage reservoirs would be established on the river at suitable points. This development could be carried out at comparatively small cost and would not require exceptional engineering features. The capacity of the plant could also be increased by diverting the Lumot River to the Caliraya. However, the feasibility of the development was still in question because of storage problems. The theoretical horsepower available at the first proposed power house, with a moderate storage, was estimated at only about 6,000, which could be increased for about one-half of the year during the rainy season.
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