Caleb Rodney Layton III (July 4, 1907 – May 6, 1988) was a United States federal judge.
Layton was born in Georgetown, Delaware. He attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and then received an A.B. from Princeton University in 1930. He was a judge on the Superior Court of Delaware from 1947 to 1957.
Layton was a federal judge on the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Layton was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on March 25, 1957, to a seat vacated by Richard S. Rodney. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 16, 1957, and received his commission the next day. He assumed senior status on April 26, 1968, and continued to serve until his death.