Cain and Abel

Cain
Cain, by Henri Vidal, Jardin des Tuileries, Paris
Known for	First person that was born; first murderer
Spouse(s)	Awan, who was his sister
Children	Enoch
Parent(s)	Adam and Eve

Saint Abel
Icon of Abel by Theophanes the Greek

In Abrahamic religions, Cain and Abel (Hebrew: הֶבֶל ,קַיִן‎ Qayin, Heḇel; Arabic: قابيل، هابيل‎‎ Qābīl, Hābīl) were two of the sons of Adam and Eve. They worked as food producers for their family; Cain was a crop farmer, and Abel was a shepherd. When they sacrificed to God, he favored Abel's sacrifice over Cain's. Later, Cain killed Abel, committing the first murder. God expelled Cain, but lightened his punishment after Cain complained that his original punishment was too difficult to bear. Cain was the first person born, and Abel was the first to die.

The motives for Cain's crime are typically assumed to be envy and wrath.

According to the Hebrew Bible:

¹Adam knew his wife Eve intimately, and she conceived and bore Cain. She said, "I have had a male child with the Lord's help."

²Then she also gave birth to his brother Abel. Now Abel became a shepherd of a flock, but Cain cultivated the land. ³In the course of time Cain presented some of the land's produce as an offering to the Lord. ⁴And Abel also presented [an offering] – some of the firstborn of his flock and their fat portions. The Lord had regard for Abel and his offering, ⁵but He did not have regard for Cain and his offering. Cain was furious, and he was downcast.

⁶Then the Lord said to Cain, "Why are you furious? And why are you downcast? ⁷If you do right, won't you be accepted? But if you do not do right, sin is crouching at the door. Its desire is for you, but you must master it."

⁸Cain said to his brother Abel, "Let's go out to the field."

The Septuagint, an early Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, offers an alternative version of the seventh verse:

If you offer correctly but do not divide correctly, have you not sinned? Be still; his recourse is to you, and you will rule over him.

Later in the narrative, God asks Cain, "Where is Abel thy brother?" Cain replies, "I know not: am I my brother's keeper?"

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