Buzludja

Buzludzha (Bulgarian: Бузлуджа Buzludzha derived from Turkish icy) is a historical peak in the Central Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria and is 1,432 metres (4,698 feet) high. In 1868 it was the place of the final battle between Bulgarian rebels led by Hadji Dimitar and Stefan Karadzha and the Ottoman Empire.

The House-Monument of the Bulgarian Communist Party (or informally, the Buzludzha Monument) was built on the peak by the Bulgarian communist regime. It commemorated the events of 1891, when a group of socialists led by Dimitar Blagoev assembled secretly in the area to form an organised socialist movement that led to the founding of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party, a forerunner of the Bulgarian Communist Party.

Construction of the monument began on 23 January 1974, under architect Georgi Stoilov: a former mayor of Sofia and co-founder of the Union of Architects in Bulgaria. TNT was used to level the mountain peak into a stable foundation, reducing the mountain's height from 1,441 metres (4,728 feet) to 1,432 metres (4,698 feet).More than 15,000 cubic metres of rock were destroyed in the process. The monument was built at a cost of 14,186,000 leva, which by today's rates is roughly equivalent to $35 million.

Inside of the building, mosaics that cover approximately 510 square meters of space, are decorated in commemoration of the history of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The mosaics inside were built with 35 tons of cobalt glass, however today 20% of them have been destroyed due to age and vandals. As for the outer ring of the monument, the mosaics were built with natural stones gathered from various rivers across Bulgaria. These mosaics have also mostly vanished, and at a greater 50% due to natural causes. The final mosaic within the building was the communist hammer and sickle encircled by a quote from The Communist Manifesto stating, "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"

The building exemplifies the brutalist architectural style common to many state constructed communist buildings. The building however is no longer managed by the Bulgarian government, or anyone in general, and is closed off from the public as it is considered dangerous.

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