Burkholderia mallei
| Burkholderia mallei | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Betaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Burkholderiales |
| Family: | Burkholderiaceae |
| Genus: | Burkholderia |
| Species: | B. mallei |
| Binomial name | |
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Burkholderia mallei (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi et al. 1993 |
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| Synonyms | |
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Glanders bacillus Loeffler 1882 |
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Glanders bacillus Loeffler 1882
Bacillus mallei Zopf 1885
Actinobacillus mallei (Zopf 1885) Brumpt 1910
Pfeifferella mallei (Zopf 1885) Buchanan 1918
Malleomyces mallei (Zopf 1885) Pribram 1933
Loefferella mallei (Zopf 1885) Holden 1935
Acinetobacter mallei (Zopf 1885) Steel and Cowan 1964
Pseudomonas mallei (Zopf 1885) Redfearn et al. 1966
Burkholderia mallei is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic bacterium, a Burkholderia-genus human and animal pathogen causing glanders; the Latin name of this disease (malleus) gave its name to the species causing it. It is closely related to B. pseudomallei, and by multilocus sequence typing it is a subspecies of B. pseudomallei.B. mallei evolved from B. pseudomallei by selective reduction and deletions from the B. pseudomallei genome. Unlike closely related Burkholderia pseudomallei and other genus members, the bacterium is nonmotile; its shape is something between a rod and a coccus measuring some 1.5–3.0 μm in length and 0.5–1.0 μm in diameter with rounded ends.
Wilhelm Schütz and Friedrich Löffler first isolated B. mallei in 1882. It was isolated from an infected liver and spleen of a horse. This bacterium is also one of the first to be identified containing a type VI secretion system which is important for its pathogenicity.In 1885, the German Botanist and Bacteriologist, Wilhelm Zopf (1846–1909) gave the pathogen its binomial name, after analyzing samples of the bacterium. He further refined his observations with the pathogen in 1886.
Most organisms within the Burkholderiaceae live in soil; however, B. mallei does not. Because B. mallei is an obligate mammalian pathogen, it must infect a host mammal to live and to be transmitted from one host to another.
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