Bunyavirales
| Bunyavirale | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Isolated male diagnosed with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever | |
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group V ((−)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Bunyavirales |
| Families | |
|
Hantaviridae |
|
Hantaviridae
Feraviridae
Fimoviridae
Jonviridae
Nairoviridae
Peribunyaviridae
Phasmaviridae
Phenuiviridae
Tospoviridae
Bunyavirales is an order of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. It was formerly known as Bunyaviridae family of virus.
In 2017, the ICTV reclassified the family Bunyaviridae as Bunyvirales, a taxonomic shift from a family of viruses to an order of viruses. The body made these decisions in a 2016 convening in Budapest. Primary reasons for this alteration revolve around these observations: approximately half of viruses in the former Bunyaviridae were at the time unassigned to a genus; novel viruses discovered that were characteristic of and clustered around Bunyaviridae based on phylogenetic analyses had bi-segmented genomes (as opposed to Bunyaviridae's tri-segmentation); and plant viruses also lacking tri-segmentation were previously known to be "bunya-like" yet were not properly assigned to the family Bunyaviridae based upon the past taxonomic classifications. All five genera formerly in the family Bunyaviridae (Hantavirus, Nairovirus, Orthobunyavirus, Phlebovirus, Tospovirus) are now novel viral families, some of which have been combined. These new families include: Hantaviridae, Feraviridae, Fimoviridae, Jonviridae, Nairoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Tospoviridae.
This order of viruses belong to the fifth group of the Baltimore classification, the so called negative-sense single stranded ribonucleic acid (−)ssRNA. They are enveloped RNA viruses. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this order occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants.
Bunyaviridae are vector-borne viruses. With the exception of Hantaviruses, all viruses in the Bunyavirales order are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitos, tick, or sandfly). Hantaviruses are transmitted through contact with deer mice feces. Incidence of infection is closely linked to vector activity, for example, mosquito-borne viruses are more common in the summer.
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