Buk (drum)
| Buk | |
Buk
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| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | |
| Hanja | n/a |
| Revised Romanization | buk |
| McCune–Reischauer | puk |
The buk is a traditional Korean drum. While the term buk is a native Korean word used as a generic term meaning "drum" (the Sino-Korean word being go), it is most often used to refer to a shallow barrel-shaped drum, with a round wooden body that is covered on both ends with animal skin. Buk are categorized as hyeokbu (혁부, ) which are instruments made with leather, and has been used for jeongak (Korean court music) and folk music.
The buk used for court music are usually fixed with nails on the rims, while ones used for folk music are usually tied up with leather straps to form the shape. Performers in the court music usually beat their buk with bukchae (북채, a drum stick) on one hand or two hands together, while drummers in the folk music commonly beat their buk with it on their right hand as hitting the other side of the buk with their bare left hand. A while ago, even jong (종, bell) was referred to as "soebuk" (쇠북, metal drum) and included in the buk category.
Buk have been used for Korean music since the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC – 668 AD) in light of mural paintings in Anak Tomb of Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) and records of Book of Sui on the kingdoms, Goguryeo and Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD). In the 3rd of Anak Tomb, two types of buk are depicted in the paintings titled Juakdo (주악도, , "painging of playing music") and Haengryeoldo (행렬도, , "painting of marching") such as ipgo (입고, ) and damgo (담고, ) respectively. The ipgo is a buk that performers beat as standing, while the damgo is a buk that drummers strik as carrying it on their shoulder.
During the Unified Silla period (668 – 935), daego (대고, ) or keunbuk, meaning "a big drum", was used along with a percussion instrument named bak (박, ) in a music played by Samhyeon samjuk (삼현삼죽, 三絃三竹) which comprises samhyeon, three string instruments such as geomungo, gayageum, and hyangbipa and samjuk such as daegeum, junggeum and sogeum. In the Goryeo period (918 – 1392), as dangak and aak were introduced to Korea from China, a lot of buk such as janggu, gyobanggo, jingo began to be used for the court music.
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