British Rail Class 411

British Rail Class 411
Class 411 4 Cep no. 1586, about to depart London Victoria on 18 March 2003, with a service to Ramsgate. The unit was painted in the old Network SouthEast livery, and was operated by Connex South Eastern (later South Eastern Trains). This was the unit's last train before being withdrawn from traffic later the same day. It has since been scrapped.
In service	1956–2005
Manufacturer	BR Eastleigh
Number built	135 trainsets
Formation	power car + 2 trailer cars + power car
Operator(s)	British Rail, Network South East, South West Trains, Connex South Central, Connex South Eastern, South Eastern Trains
Specifications
Train length	265 ft 8 1⁄2 in (80.988 m)
Width	9 ft 3 in (2.82 m)
Height	12 ft 6 in (3.81 m)
Maximum speed	90 mph (140 km/h)
Weight	Total - 159.4 t (156.9 long tons; 175.7 short tons)
Traction motors	Four
Power output	4 x 250 hp (190 kW) total 1,000 hp (750 kW)
Electric system(s)	750 V DC third rail
Current collection method	Contact shoe
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The British Rail Class 411 (or 4 Cep) electrical multiple units were built at Eastleigh works from 1956-63 for the newly electrified main lines in Kent. These units were based on the earlier Southern Railway 4 Cor design, built in 1937. Variants of the class 411 design included the class 410 and class 412 4 Bep units, which contained a buffet car in place of a standard trailer. They were later used on services in Sussex and Hampshire; following the privatisation of British Rail in 1995, the units were used by the Connex South Central, Connex South Eastern and South West Trains franchises. They were replaced by Juniper and Electrostar units. The fleet's lifespan was 49 years. These units are the longest-lived BR Mark 1 EMUs.

A total of 133 units were built, as two different types. The majority of units were 'standard' passenger-only units, complemented by units containing a buffet car.

The standard units contained passenger seating only, and formed the backbone of the new fleet. 111 units were built in several batches, initially numbered in the range 7101-7211. Units 7101-7104 were the prototype units, and were followed by 'Phase 1' units (7105-7153) and subsequently 'Phase 2' units (7154-7211).

Units were formed of two outer driving motors cars with 2nd class (later Standard Class) seating in open saloons, sandwiching two intermediate trailer cars - one a corridor second and the other a First/Second corridor composite.

The 4 Bep units were similar to the standard units, but contained a buffet car in place of the second class open trailer. 22 units were built, initially numbered in the range 7001-7022. The first two units (7001-7002) were prototypes, and were followed by 'Phase 1' units (7003-7012) and 'Phase 2' (7013-7022).