Brinkmann coordinates

Brinkmann coordinates (named for Hans Brinkmann) are a particular coordinate system for a spacetime belonging to the family of pp-wave metrics. In terms of these coordinates, the metric tensor can be written as

where ${\displaystyle \partial _{v}}$, the coordinate vector field dual to the covector field ${\displaystyle dv}$, is a null vector field. Indeed, geometrically speaking, it is a null geodesic congruence with vanishing optical scalars. Physically speaking, it serves as the wave vector defining the direction of propagation for the pp-wave.

The coordinate vector field ${\displaystyle \partial _{u}}$ can be spacelike, null, or timelike at a given event in the spacetime, depending upon the sign of ${\displaystyle H(u,x,y)}$ at that event. The coordinate vector fields ${\displaystyle \partial _{x},\partial _{y}}$ are both spacelike vector fields. Each surface ${\displaystyle u=u_{0},v=v_{0}}$ can be thought of as a wavefront.

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