Brain fever

Brain fever describes a medical condition where a part of the brain becomes inflamed and causes symptoms that present as fever. The terminology is dated, and is encountered most often in Victorian literature, where it typically describes a potentially life-threatening illness brought about by a severe emotional upset. Conditions that may be described as brain fever include:

In The Wound Dresser / a series of letters written from the hospitals in Washington ..., by Walt Whitman the part called Letters of 1864 (about 3/4 of the way through the book), VI, a letter dated March 15, 1861(!) describes a patient Whitman lost to brain fever.

In Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story "The Crooked Man", the term is used to refer to a woman suffering from a state of shock when her husband has been murdered. The term is also used in "The Naval Treaty", in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes; here it refers to Percy Phelps, an old schoolmate of Dr. Watson’s, who was distraught after losing important diplomatic papers. He becomes so upset that, while traveling home after leaving the case with the police, reports that "...I had a fit in the station, and before we reached home I was practically a raving maniac." Phelps, “lay for over nine weeks, unconscious, and raving mad with brain fever,” before recovering enough to send for the aid of Dr Watson's friend Sherlock Holmes. Similarly, characters suffering from brain fever are also mentioned in the Holmes stories "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches", "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box", and "The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual".

It is also mentioned in Bram Stoker's 'Dracula', where Jonathan Harker suffers from brain fever after escaping from the Count .

Brain fever is mentioned in Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov which manifests itself into Ivan's nightmare of the devil in Part IV, Book XI, Chapter 9, "Anticipating events I can say at least one thing: he was at that moment on the very eve of an attack of brain fever. Though his health had long been affected, it had offered a stubborn resistance to the fever which in the end gained complete mastery over it." The terminology is also used in Alexandre Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo and Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights."

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