Botryosphaeria dothidea
| Botryosphaeria dothidea | |
|---|---|
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| A canker formed by Botryosphaeria dothidea on Leyland cypress | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Phylum: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Subclass: | Incertae sedis |
| Order: | Botryosphaeriales |
| Family: | Botryosphaeriaceae |
| Genus: | Botryosphaeria |
| Species: | B. dothidea |
| Binomial name | |
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Botryosphaeria dothidea |
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| Synonyms | |
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Botryosphaeria berengeriana De Not., Sfer. |
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Botryosphaeria berengeriana De Not., Sfer.
Caumadothis dothidea (Moug.) Petr. (1971)
Dothiorella coronillae (Desm.) Petr.
Dothiorella mali var. fructans Dearn. (1941)
Fusicoccum aesculi Corda
Fusicoccum coronillae (Desm.) Vanev. & Aa
Macrophoma coronillae (Desm.) Höhn.
Macrophomopsis coronillae (Desm.) Petr.
Phyllosticta divergens Sacc.
Sphaeria coronillae Desm.
Sphaeria dothidea Moug. (1823)
Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not. is a plant pathogen that causes the formation of cankers on a wide variety of tree and shrub species. It has been reported on several hundred plant hosts and on all continents except Antarctica.B. dothidea was redefined in 2004, and some reports of its host range from prior to that time likely include species that have since been placed in another genus. Even so, B. dothidea has since been identified on a number of woody plants—including grape, mango, olive, eucalyptus, maple, and oak, among others—and is still expected to have a broad geographical distribution. While it is best known as a pathogen, the species has also been identified as an endophyte, existing in association with plant tissues on which disease symptoms were not observed. It can colonize some fruits, in addition to woody tissues.
White rot, or “Bot rot,” of apple is one of the many plant diseases that have been attributed to B. dothidea. Recent analysis has confirmed the presence of B. dothidea, along with other Botryosphaeria species, on Malus sp.. Cankers and other dead wood and bark tissue, as well as mummified fruit (fruit infected by the pathogen and remaining in the orchard) serve as sources of primary and secondary inoculum
Both pycnidia and pseudothecia are observed on plant tissues, producing conidia and ascospores. Conidia are produced in greater numbers. Using spore traps for airborne spores and funnel traps for rainwater, Sutton (1981) determined that, while both conidia and ascospores of B. dothidea are released from infected pruning waste (dead wood) during rainfall events and conidia are predominantly water-dispersed, ascospores spread in both air and water. Conidia and ascospores germinate most readily at 28 to 32 °C (82 to 90 °F). (B. dothidea has been reported to grow best, in culture, at 25 to 30 °C [77 to 86 °F].) Lenticels and wounds provide locations for wood infection
The cankers of white rot appear similar to those of black rot, caused by Diplodia seriata (formerly B. obtusa). Girdling of limbs by cankers can result in yellowing (“chlorosis”) of leaves on affected branches in the spring. While the precise time of fruit infection is unclear, symptoms of fruit rot appear approximately four to six weeks before harvest. The name “white rot” comes from the light brown color of the surface of affected red-skinned apples
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Wikipedia