Borrelia mayonii
| Borrelia mayonii | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Spirochaetes |
| Class: | Spirochaetes |
| Order: | Spirochaetales |
| Family: | Spirochaetaceae |
| Genus: | Borrelia |
| Species: | B. mayonii |
| Binomial name | |
|
Borrelia mayonii Pritt et. al 2016 |
|
Borrelia mayonii is a gram-negative, host-associated spirochete that is capable of causing Lyme disease. This organism can infect various vertebrate and invertebrate hosts such as humans and ticks, primarily Ixodes scapularis. Migratory songbirds play a role in the dispersal of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, across long distances, indirectly dispersing Borrelia mayonii as well.
Borrelia mayonii was identified as a sensu lato, broad sense, genospecies (Bbsl) of the known microbe, Borrelia burgdorferi. A genospecies is a cluster of organisms with similar core genes that usually does not undergo genetic recombination with diverged organisms. Two isolates, gene strains, of B. mayonii, named MN14-1420 and MN14-1539, were sequenced, process of arranging a chain of genetic information to match up to a specific organism's genetic code, and compared to the genome or genetic material of Borrelia burgdorferi. With a nucleotide similarity of 93.83% in the linear chromosome compared to other known genospecies, B. mayonii can be considered a new genospecies (Bbsl).
Borrelia mayonii is a bacterial genospecies discovered in midwestern areas within the United States. It was discovered by Pritt and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota during routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the oppA1 gene of B. burgdorferi in 2016. According to Pritt, six samples were atypical and did not resemble any known species. These atypical microbes or microorganisms were later named after the Mayo Clinic as a new genospecies. The spirochaete, a flexible and spiral twist bacteria, was also detected in the blood of infected individuals using PCR and microscopy and was cultivated or grown in a modified BSK (Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly) plate, a microbe growth plate consisting of bovine serum albumin and rabbit serum, at 34 ℃ under oxygen levels lower than that of normal atmospheric conditions, centrifuged at 8000X g for 10 minutes, isolated using Qiagen DNA kit, and washed using dH2O.
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