Boris Shaposhnikov
| Boris Shaposhnikov | |
|---|---|
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Boris Shaposhnikov. |
|
| Birth name | Boris Mikhailovitch Shaposhnikov |
| Born |
October 2, 1882 Zlatoust, Ufa Governorate Russian Empire |
| Died | March 26, 1945 (aged 62) Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Buried at | Kremlin Wall Necropolis |
| Allegiance |
 Russian Empire (1901–17) Soviet Union (1917–45) |
| Years of service | 1901–45 |
| Rank |
Colonel (Imperial Army) Marshal of the Soviet Union (Red Army) |
| Commands held |
Leningrad Military District Moscow Military District Chief of the General Staff Volga Military District |
| Battles/wars |
World War I Russian Civil War World War II |
| Other work | Mozg Armii (The Brain of the Army), 1929. |
Boris Mikhailovitch Shaposhnikov (Russian: Бори́с Миха́йлович Ша́пошников) (October 2 [O.S. September 20] 1882 – March 26, 1945) was a Soviet military commander, Chief of the Staff of the Red Army, and Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Shaposhnikov was born at Zlatoust, near Chelyabinsk in the Urals. He was of Orenburg Cossack origin. He joined the army of the Russian Empire in 1901 and graduated from the Nicholas General Staff Academy in 1910, reaching the rank of colonel in the Caucasus Grenadiers division in September 1917 during World War I. Also in 1917, unusual for an officer of his rank, he supported the Russian Revolution, and in May 1918 joined the Red Army.
Shaposhnikov was one of the few Red Army commanders with formal military training, and in 1921 he joined the Army's General Staff as 1st Assistant Chief of Staff, where he served until 1925, when he was appointed commander of the Leningrad Military District and then Moscow Military District until 1927. From 1928 to 1931 he was Chief of Staff of the Red Army, replacing Mikhail Tukhachevsky, with whom he had had a strained relationship, then commanded the Volga Military District from 1931 to 1932. In 1932 he was appointed commandant of the Red Army's Frunze Military Academy, then in 1935 returned to the command of the Leningrad region. In 1937 he was appointed Chief of the General Staff, in succession to Alexander Ilyich Yegorov, a victim of the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization secret trial, Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of the Red Army. In May 1940 he was appointed a Marshal of the Soviet Union.
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