"Boom Boom Pow" topped the Billboard Hot 100, making it the group's first U.S. number one single. It is the second longest-running single to stay atop the Hot 100 in 2009, beaten only by The Black Eyed Peas' second single from The E.N.D, "I Gotta Feeling", which held the top spot for 14 consecutive weeks. It has also topped the Australian, Canadian and UK singles charts as well as reaching the top 10 in more than 20 countries. The song was named 7th on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade and 51st on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of All-time.

The single has since sold over 6,000,000 copies in the U.S. and was ranked as the number one song and number two digital song at the Billboard Year End Chart of 2009. The song was nominated at the 52nd Grammy Awards for Best Dance Recording and won Best Short Form Music Video. Rolling Stone ranked the song number 14 on their Best 25 Songs of 2009 list. As of December 2016, the music video has over 240 million views on YouTube.

The song opens with will.i.am meditating on and affirming a new, futuristic sound for himself and the rest of the Peas: "I got that rock-and-roll, that future flow". Fergie, Taboo, and apl.de.ap each offer a variation on this theme, after which Will.i.am (introduced by Fergie) demonstrates the theme at work in a series of rapid-fire raps, punctuated with digital effects. The song concludes with Fergie repeating her initial verse, forming an outro of sorts and taking the listener more or less full-circle. Fergie has commented on the unusual structure of the song, stating:

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