Bocavirus
| Bocaparvovirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group II (ssDNA) |
| Order: | Unassigned |
| Family: | Parvoviridae |
| Subfamily: | Parvovirinae |
| Genus: | Bocaparvovirus |
| Type species | |
|
Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1 |
|
Bocaparvovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Parvoviridae, in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Human, cattle, and dog serve as natural hosts. There are currently 12 species in this genus including the type species ungulate bocaparvovirus 1. Diseases associated with this genus include: human: acute respiratory illness; cattle: diarrhea and mild respiratory symptoms.
Bocaviruses were first described in animals in the early 1960s.
Like the other members of this family, bocaparvoviruses have two open reading frames—ORF1 and 2. Unique among parvoviruses, the bocaparvoviruses contain a third open reading frame between non-structural and structural coding regions. This gene encodes a highly phosphorylated nonstructural protein (NP1).
ORF1 encodes a nonstructural protein (NS1) that is involved in viral genome replication. ORF2 encodes the two capsid proteins—VP1 and VP2.
Like other parvoviruses, the VP1 unique region contains a phospholipase A(2) motif with a conserved Histidine–Aspartic acid-XXY motif in the catalytic center.
Group: ssDNA
In the Parvoviridae, species are now generally defined as a cluster of viruses that encode replication initiator proteins (called NS1) that have amino acid sequences that are at least 85% identical to those encoded by all other members of the species.
There are currently twelve recognized species of Bocaparvovirus. They are Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1–3, Pinneped bocaparvovirus 1 and 2, Primate bocaparvovirus 1 and 2, and Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1–5. The human bocaviruses belong to the two primate species. The former (pre-2014) "type species" of the genus, Bovine bocavirus, is now recognized as the founder virus sequence in a broader species called Ungulate bocaparvovirus 1, which is the new type species. Canine minute virus is now classified as a virus in the species Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1.
A bocaparvovirus has been isolated from rodents.
Bovine bocaviruses utilise endocytosis in clathrin-coated vesicles to enter cells; they are dependent upon acidification, and appear to be associated with actin and microtubule dependency.
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