Bobâlna revolt

Budai Nagy Antal revolt
Date June 1437 - January 1438 Location North-Transylvania and the Tiszántúl, Kingdom of Hungary Result Patrician victory
Belligerents
Transylvanian peasants and petty nobles	Transylvanian aristocracy
Commanders and leaders
Antal Nagy de Buda †	László Csáki (Voivode of Transylvania)
Strength
40 000 men	unknown

The Budai Nagy Antal revolt, or Bobâlna revolt (Hungarian Erdélyi paraszt felkelés, that is Transylvanian peasant revolt, Romanian: Răscoala de la Bobâlna meaning Bobâlna Revolt), of 1437 in Transylvania, was the only significant popular revolt in the Kingdom of Hungary prior to the great peasant war of 1514. The event is named after the leader of the revolt, Antal Nagy de Buda, or is simply called the "Transylvanian Peasant revolt".

In order to tackle financial burdens resulting from the Hussite wars and military campaigns against the Ottoman Empire, King Sigismund put lower value silver coins into circulation in Hungary. György Lépes, the Bishop of Transylvania, decided in 1434 not to collect taxes until this money was used; however, he demanded the arrears of the tithes in one sum three years later, in 1437, when valuable golden coins were issued again by the royal treasury. The peasants, having received revenues in silver coins earlier, were not able to pay taxes in the new valuable currency. When the peasants refused to pay, the bishop excommunicated them. The peasants were also aggrieved over the unwillingness of their lords to respect their right of free movement. Furthermore, the bishop required payments from petty noblemen and even from Vlach (Romanian) peasants who did not belong to the Roman Catholic Church.

The rebellion broke out in northern Transylvania, but soon spread to the counties of Szatmár (Satu Mare) and Szabolcs. In June 1437, an army of Hungarian and Vlach (Romanian) peasants built a camp on a hill at Bábolna (Romanian: Bobâlna). They were joined by petty noblemen and priests. They proclaimed and demanded the recognition of an Estate of their own, called universitas Hungarorum et Valachorum - Estate of Hungarians and Romanians and were led by a poor nobleman called Antal Nagy de Buda and five other captains (three Hungarian peasants, a Romanian peasant, and a burgher from Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca). The rebels sent envoys to Transylvanian voivode László Csák. The voivode promptly executed the envoys, but after the rebel troops scored a victory over his forces, he feigned willingness to negotiate. On 6 July at Kolozsmonostor (Cluj-Mănăştur) a contract was signed between the parties that met many of the rebels' demands. Both parties also sent envoys to King Sigismund of Hungary asking for arbitration.

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