Black Guerrilla Family
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| Founded | 1966 |
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| Founded by | George Jackson, W.L. Nolen |
| Founding location | San Quentin State Prison |
| Years active | 1966–present |
| Territory | Most US prisons |
| Ethnicity | African Americans, Black Hispanics |
| Membership | 100-300 full members with 50,000 associates in and out of prison |
| Criminal activities | Drug trafficking auto theft, robbery, and homicide |
| Allies | Symbionese Liberation Army, Nuestra Familia, Black Disciples,Crips, Bloods,Black Liberation Army, Weather Underground,Latin Kings Dead Man Inc., Gangster Disciples. |
| Rivals | American Mafia, Aryan Brotherhood,Mexican Mafia, Texas Syndicate, Mexikanemi, Nazi Low Riders, Public Enemy No. 1 Peckerwood, Surenos, Brown Pride, Sinaloa Cartel, Gulf Cartel, Los Zetas |
The Black Guerilla Family (also known as the Black Family or the Black Vanguard) is an African American prison and street gang founded in 1966 by George Jackson and W.L. Nolen while they were incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison in Marin County, California.
Inspired by Marcus Garvey, the Black Guerilla Family (BGF) was characterized as an ideological African-American Marxist Leninist revolutionary organization composed of prisoners. It was founded with the stated goals of eradicating racism, maintaining dignity in prison, and overthrowing the United States government.
The Black Guerrilla Family was founded by George Jackson in San Quentin State Prison during the Black Power movement. The group later became a recognizable organized crime force in the United States.
On August 22, 1989, co-founder and leader of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense, Huey P. Newton was fatally shot outside 1456 9th St in West Oakland by 24-year-old Black Guerilla Family member, Tyrone Robinson. Relations between Newton and factions within the Black Guerilla Family had been strained for nearly two decades. Former Black Panther Party members who became BGF members in jail had become disenchanted with Newton for his perceived abandonment of imprisoned Black Panther members and allegations of Newton's fratricide within the party. In his book, Shadow of the Panther, Hugh Pearson alleges that Newton was addicted to crack cocaine, and his extortion of local BGF drug dealers to obtain free drugs added to their animosity.
Robinson was convicted of the murder in August 1991 and sentenced to 32 years for the crime.
In 1979, former BGF lawyer Fay Stender was shot five times by recently paroled Black Guerilla Family member Edward Glenn Brooks for what Brooks said was Stender’s betrayal of George Jackson. Brooks forced Stender to state: "I, Fay Stender, admit I betrayed George Jackson and the prison movement when they needed me most" just before he shot her. Stender was left paralyzed below the waist and in constant pain by the assault and committed suicide in Hong Kong shortly after she testified against Brooks.
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