Bitanga i princeza was Bijelo Dugme's first album to feature Điđi Jankelić on drums. It was the band's last hard rock-oriented album before their switch to new wave in the following year.

In 1998, Bitanga i princeza was polled as the 10th on the list of 100 greatest Yugoslav rock and pop albums in the book YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike (YU 100: The Best Albums of Yugoslav Pop and Rock Music). In 2015, the album was pronounced the 15th on the list of 100 greatest Yugoslav albums published by Croatian edition of Rolling Stone.

After the departures of drummer Ipe Ivandić and keyboardist Laza Ristovski, both of whom ended up leaving the band in 1978 following the release of their side project Stižemo (Here We Come), Bijelo Dugme got rejoined by keyboardist Vlado Pravdić, who left the band in 1976 to serve his mandatory army stint, while Ivandić was replaced with Điđi Jankelić, who previously played on the band's frontman Željko Bebek's solo album Skoro da smo isti (We're Almost the Same). The band started preparing their new album during 1978 in Niška Banja‚ while Bijelo Dugme's leader Goran Bregović was still serving the army in Niš, but they definitely reunited in Sarajevo on November 1.

Originally, the band's record label, Jugoton, scheduled the recording in London's AIR Studios (in which the band's previous two studio albums were recorded) for the end of November, in order for the record to be released before New Year holidays. However, after it became clear that the band would not be able to record in November, and new schedule in AIR Studios could not be made, the recording sessions were moved to Belgrade. The album was recorded during January 1979 in PGP-RTB Studio in Belgrade, and mastered in Abbey Road Studios in London. The album was, as the band's previous two studio albums, produced by Neil Harrison. It did not feature the band's trademark folk-influenced hard rock sound, as it featured almost no folk music elements, while the ballads "Kad zaboraviš juli" and "Sve će to mila moja prekriti ruzmarin, snjegovi i šaš" featured a symphonic orchestra.

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