Bilma
| Bilma | |
|---|---|
| Commune | |
 |
|
 Bilma
|
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| Coordinates: 18°41′12″N 12°55′09″E / 18.68667°N 12.91917°E | |
| Country |
 Niger
|
| Region | Agadez Region |
| Department | Bilma Department |
| Commune | Bilma |
| Elevation | 358 m (1,175 ft) |
| Population (2011)> | |
| • Commune | 6,481 |
| • Metro | 2,500 (approx.) |
Bilma is an oasis town and commune in north east Niger with a population of around 2,500 people. As of 2011, the commune had a total population of 6,481 people. It lies protected from the desert dunes under the Kaouar Cliffs and is the largest town along the Kaouar escarpment. It is known for its gardens, for salt and natron production through evaporation ponds,date cultivation, and as the destination of one of the last Saharan caravan routes (the Azalai, from Agadez).
Its population is mostly Kanuri, with smaller Toubou, Tuareg, and Hausa populations, the last being a reminder of Bilma's role as a key stop in the Trans Saharan trade.
Bilma is the administrative seat of the Bilma Department, covering some 670,000 km2 (260,000 sq mi) of north eastern Niger. While it continues to produce salt in large natron salt pans, and this salt is still sold for livestock use throughout west Africa, tourism (based out of Agadez and the Aïr Mountains some 560 km (350 mi) to the east) is of growing importance.
Bilma features a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). The town lies deep in the heart of the Sahara Desert, more precisely in the Ténéré, an hyper-arid desert region lying over northeastern Niger and western Chad, and as such is extremely dry, averaging only 12.7 mm (0.50 in) of measurable precipitation annually. Bilma is also hot during the "winter" months and extremely hot during the summer months and for prolonged periods of time. Averages high temperatures in "winter" months surpass 27 °C (81 °F) and exceed 40 °C (104 °F) from April to September inclusively, peaking at 44 °C (111 °F) in June. The sunshine duration is extremely high year-round with some 4,000 h of bright sunshine annually. The region excels at hot, sunny and dry weather.
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