Bhana

Bhana or bhāṇa (Sanskrit: भाण ) (one act monologue Sanskrit plays) In the Vedic literature, there are several references to singing, dancing, music and entertaining performances by professional entertainers. In the Rig Veda there are mantras with pronounced story element in dialogue form – dramatic soliloquy, dialogue and chorus, traditionally known as Akhyana which fact points at the existence of some kind of drama-entertainment e.g. "The Repentant Gambler" Rig Veda X.3.5, "The Frog Play" (Rig Veda VII.6), "Yama and Yami" Rig VedaX.1, "Chorus" Rig Veda IX.11. Some scholars think that such dramatic hymns were enacted by the priests at the time of Yajna ceremonies; it is possible that the drama proper emanated from the rituals then performed. Bhāna Padataditakam set in the city of Ujjayani describes Bhāṇa plays as Eka Nata Nātak or single actor play.

As per the rules laid down by Bharata in the 4th or the 5th century A.D., Bhāṇa, described by him in Chapter 19 of Nātyaśastra, is a monologue spoken by a dissolute hero called viṭa, dialogue is simulated by having the viṭa respond to imagined voices or asking questions of unseen characters and repeating their answers to the audience; Bharata insists that plays of this type should contain the elements of a kind of dance called the lāsya but did not favour the graceful style called kaiśikī vṛtti, which allows for love and gallantry. Many centuries later, Dhananjaya specified that a bhāṇa should be rendered in the bhāratī vṛtti and that the heroic (vīra) and erotic (śṛṅgāra) sentiments should prevail but like Bharata did not make specific mention of the comic element; bhāratī vṛtti suggests the comic element and allows kaiśikī vṛtti.

Abhinavagupta states that bhānas are chronicles of prostitutes and men who live by their wit. Kohala is of the view that the bhānas should have only śṛṅgārarasa. Saradātanaya states:

Śārṅgadeva defines lāsya as a delicate dance that stimulates erotic sentiments. From bhāṇas there developed two minor dramatic types – bhāṇaka and bhāṇikā or bhāna and bhāni.

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