Beet curly top virus
| Beet curly top virus (BCTV) | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group II (ssDNA) |
| Family: | Geminiviridae |
| Genus: | Curtovirus |
| Species: | Beet curly top virus |
| Synonyms | |
|
sugarbeet curly top virus |
|
sugarbeet curly top virus
sugarbeet curly-leaf virus
tomato yellows virus
western yellow blight virus
Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is a pathogenic plant virus of the family Geminiviridae, containing a single-stranded DNA. The Geminiviridae family consists of four types (Curtovirus, Mastrevirus, Topocuvirus, and Begomovirus) based on their host range, virus genome structure, and type of insect vector. BCTV is a Curtovirus affecting hundreds of plants. The only known vector is the beet leafhopper, which is native to the Western United States.
Beet curly top virus (BCTV) was first discovered in 1888 in the Western parts of the United States. The virus wasn’t fully recognized until 1907 when people started to realize that the virus was affecting their crops which led to increasing yield loss. As the BCTV began to surface and multiply within the United States, it affected many states (California, Idaho, Utah, and Washington) located in the Western area. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), many crops were destroyed from the disease and led to a considerable economic loss. The BCTV has also been known to affect other countries including Mexico, South America, and the Old World (the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East).
BCTV contains a single-stranded circular DNA that is encapsulated in a twinned icosahedral capsid. The virus DNA contains a monopartite genome that is made up of three viral sense and four complementary open reading frames (ORF). The ORF Complimentary 1 (C1) contains the code for the replication initiator protein (Rep) which is responsible for initiating replication with a host cell. C3 also plays an important role in the replication process. C2 is involved in causing the disease (pathogenicity) while C4 plays an important role in developing the major symptoms that comes with the virus, such as hyperplasia, curling of the leaves, and deformation.
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