Bealtine

Beltane
A Beltane bonfire on Calton Hill in Edinburgh
Also called	Lá Bealtaine (Irish) Là Bealltainn (Scottish Gaelic) Laa Boaltinn/Boaldyn (Manx) Beltaine; Beltine
Observed by	Gaels (Modern Irish people, Scottish people, Manx people, Celtic neopagans and Wiccans)
Type	Cultural Pagan (Celtic polytheism, Celtic Neopaganism, Wicca)
Significance	Beginning of summer
Celebrations	lighting bonfires, decorating homes with May flowers, making May bushes, visiting holy wells, feasting
Date	1 May (or 1 November for Neopagans in the S. Hemisphere)
Frequency	annual
Related to	May Day, Calan Mai, Walpurgis Night

Beltane (/ˈbɛl.teɪn/) is the anglicised name for the Gaelic May Day festival. Most commonly it is held on 1 May, or about halfway between the spring equinox and the summer solstice. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man. In Irish the name for the festival day is Lá Bealtaine ([l̪ˠaː ˈbʲal̪ˠt̪ˠənʲə]), in Scottish Gaelic Là Bealltainn ([l̪ˠa: ˈpjaul̪ˠt̪ˠɪɲ]) and in Manx Gaelic Laa Boaltinn/Boaldyn. It is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals—along with Samhain, Imbolc and Lughnasadh—and is similar to the Welsh Calan Mai.

Beltane is mentioned in some of the earliest Irish literature and it is associated with important events in Irish mythology. It marked the beginning of summer and was when cattle were driven out to the summer pastures. Rituals were performed to protect the cattle, crops and people, and to encourage growth. Special bonfires were kindled, and their flames, smoke and ashes were deemed to have protective powers. The people and their cattle would walk around the bonfire or between two bonfires, and sometimes leap over the flames or embers. All household fires would be doused and then re-lit from the Beltane bonfire. These gatherings would be accompanied by a feast, and some of the food and drink would be offered to the aos sí. Doors, windows, byres and the cattle themselves would be decorated with yellow May flowers, perhaps because they evoked fire. In parts of Ireland, people would make a May Bush: a thorn bush decorated with flowers, ribbons and bright shells. Holy wells were also visited, while Beltane dew was thought to bring beauty and maintain youthfulness. Many of these customs were part of May Day or Midsummer festivals in other parts of Great Britain and Europe.