Baufra

Baufra in hieroglyphs
Bau-f-Râ B3.w-f-Rʾ Re is his glory Papyrus Westcar, column 4.18
Ba-ef-Rê B3-f-Rʾ Re is his glory Wadi Hammamat, cartouche name no.5

Baufra /bɑːuːfrɑː/ (also read as Bauefre and Ra-bau-ef) is the name of an alleged son of the ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) Khufu from the 4th dynasty of the Old Kingdom. He is known from a story in the Papyrus Westcar and from a rock inscription at Wadi Hammamat. He is neither contemporarily nor archaeologically attested, which makes his historical figure disputable to scholars up to this day.

It is possible that Baufra is identical to either Horbaef or Babaef I.

In the inscription in Wadi Hammamat Baufra´s name is written in a royal cartouche, which brings up some confusion within egyptology, since Baufra is neither contemporarily nor archaeologically attested. It might be that he was worshipped as a local patronate of the mine workers. A similar phenomenon can be observed with prince Hordjedef, whose name is also erroneously written in a cartouche, despite the fact that he is handed down by archaeologically attested inscriptions as a “son of the king” only. Baufra´s name appears as the last name in a list naming the kings Khufu, Djedefre, Khafre and Hordjedef. Egyptologists such as Donald B. Redford believe that the name and the glorifying of Baufra and Djedefhor are both based on a misunderstanding which came up at the beginning of the New Kingdom, when literary masterpieces such as “Khufu and the magicians” and “The prophecy of Neferti” were composed and the protagonists were intended with alleged historical roles. The Egyptians must have thought that really all sons and grandsons of Khufu had ruled after this king, since all kings up to Shepseskaf were actually sons, grandsons or great grandsons of Khufu. This line of throne followers were erroneously thought to have included Baufra and Djedefor, too.

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