Battle of Yingkou

Battle of Yingkou
Part of the First Sino-Japanese War
Colonel Sato attacking fortification at Niuzhuang, ukiyo-e print by Toshihide Migita dated April 1895
Date 4 March 1895 Location Yingkou, Liaoning Province, Manchuria Result Japanese victory
Belligerents
Japan	China
Commanders and leaders
General Nozu Michitsura	General Liu Kunyi
Casualties and losses
105 killed	1,880 killed, 698 wounded

The Battle of Yinkou (Japanese: Gyūsō sakusen (牛莊作戦^?)) was a land battle of the First Sino-Japanese War between the forces of Meiji Japan and Qing China, fought outside the treaty port town of Yingkou, Manchuria. It is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Niuzhuang or Newchwang.

Following the capture of the walled town of Haicheng, near Liaoyang in the Liaodong Peninsula, Manchuria by the 3rd Division of the Japanese First Army on 13 December 1894, Qing forces made four attempts in December and January 1895 to retake the town. This was the only Chinese offensive of the war, and all four attacks were unsuccessful. Military operations were hampered by deep snow and extremely severe winter weather.

On 10 January 1895, the Japanese Second Army launched a three-pronged attack on the walled city of Gaiping. Although the defenders resorted to freezing water on an incline to make it difficult for the Japanese to approach the walls, the city quickly fell. This severed the Qing lines of defense, and positioned the Japanese to strike either north to the ancient capital of Mukden, or east to the capital of Beijing.

Following the last attempt to retake Haicheng, Qing forces reinforced the port city of Niuzhuang with approximately 20,000 men, including a large force of cavalry. Another Qing force of around 20,000 men reinforced Liaoyang to the north, and on 1 February Viceroy Liu Kunyi arrived to assume overall command of Qing military operations.

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