Battle of Siddim

Battle of Siddim
Abram Makes the Enemies Flee Who Hold His Nephew (1613 etching by Antonio Tempesta at the National Gallery of Art)
Date Early 2nd millennium BC Location Vale of Siddim (Salt Sea) Result Cities of the Jordan plain freed from Mesopotamian control; Lot and captives rescued
Belligerents
Five Cities of the Plain Sodom Gomorrah Admah Zeboiim Bela Non aligned: Abram's 318 elite force	Mesopotamian kingdoms Elam Shinar Ellasar Goyim
Commanders and leaders
Five Kings King Bera King Birsha King Shinab King Shemeber King of Bela	Four Kings King Chedorlaomer King Amraphel King Arioch King Tidal

Five Cities of the Plain

Non aligned:

Mesopotamian kingdoms

Five Kings

Four Kings

The Battle of the Vale of Siddim, also often called the War of Nine Kings or the Slaughter of Chedorlaomer, refers to an event in the Hebrew Bible book of Genesis 14:1-17 that occurred in the days of Abram and Lot. The Vale of Siddim was the battleground for the cities of the Jordan River plain revolting against Mesopotamian rule.

Whether this event occurred in history has been disputed by scholars. According to Ronald Hendel, "The current consensus is that there is little or no historical memory of pre-Israelite events in Genesis."

The Book of Genesis explains that during the days of Lot, the vale of Siddim was a river valley where the Battle of Siddim occurred between four Mesopotamian armies and five cities of the Jordan plain. According to the biblical account, before the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the Elamite King Chedorlaomer had subdued the tribes and cities surrounding the Jordan River plain. After thirteen years, four kings of the cities of the Jordan plain revolted against Chedorlaomer's rule. In response, Chedorlaomer and three other kings started a campaign against King Bera of Sodom and four other allied kings.

The Vale of Siddim or Valley of Siddim (Hebrew: עֵ֖מֶק שִׂדִּים‎‎ ‘ê-meq haś-Śid-dîm; "Salt Sea", "sea of the Arabah", "east sea",Arabic: Bahr Lut (the Sea of Lut), "Lake Asphaltitus", "Dead Sea") is a biblical place name mentioned in the Book of Genesis Chapter 14: 'And the vale of Siddim was full of slime pits'.

Siddim is thought to be located on the southern end of the Dead Sea where modern bitumen deposits have been found in respect to the tar pits (asphalt, slime pits) mentioned in Genesis 14:10. This scripture indicates that the valley was filled with many of these pits that the armies of Sodom and Gomorrah fell into during their retreat from Mesopotamian forces. It has been suggested by theologians that the destruction of the cities of the Jordan Plain by divine fire and brimstone may have caused Siddim to become a salt sea, what is now the Dead Sea.

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